Alice C. Linsley
That is an interesting question raised by some theorists who are familiar with the Girgam, a chronicle of the rulers of Kano-Borno who controlled commerce along the rivers. Girgam, also called Dīwān, was discovered in 1851 by the German traveler Heinrich Barth. The chronicle lists Adam, Seth, Noah, Shem, Kenan, Enosh, Terah and many others. Some of the names appear to have been "corrected' by Arabic scholars. However, the orthography is closer to the presumed Hebrew original than to that of the Arab authors.
Gir indicates that these rulers were also traders. They kept records of the transfer of goods, weights and values. The Sumero-Akkadian term girginakku refers to a box for written tablets.
Kano-Nok-Borno is the region where some of Abraham's ancestors lived. Bor-no means "Land of Noah" and the local Kanuri people called Lake Chad Buhar Nuhu, meaning "Sea of Noah". Kano is likely a variant spelling of Kain (Cain) and the term Nok appears as to be related to the royal name names Enoch and Hanock.
The prologue and first section of Girgam name biblical patriarchs, ancient Mesopotamian kings, and the last Assyrian kings. This has led to speculation that Kano-Borno was the home of refugees from the collapsing Assyrian Empire. According to this theory, the royal titles in the Girgam and the origin-chronicles indicate mass immigration of various peoples who formerly lived under Assyrian rule until that Empire collapsed in 612 BC. There is less evidence to support this view, however, than there is to support the biblical record of Kushite expansion.
Map shows Kano and Borno and related kingdoms extending to the Nile in 1750.
Another theory is that Kain and Noah were early Proto-Saharan rulers. According to Genesis 10, their Kushite people spread far and wide. Nimrod, the son of Kush (Gen. 10:8), controlled the Tigris-Euphrates River Valley where tablets have been found that speak of the greatness of his rule. He is known in history as Sargon the Great. Kushite rulers controlled a vast expanse from Nigeria to India, what I have termed "the Afro-Asiatic Dominion." Akkad was the center of Nimrod's ruler (Gen. 10:10) and Akkadian cuneiform was the script of his empire.
Abraham's father Terah was no more a refugee than Nimrod. Instead, they were Kushite kingdom builders. Terah controlled the length of the Euphrates. He was a descendant of Nimrod, the son of Kush. The authors of ancient Indian literature claimed that the Kushites ruled the archaic world for 7000 years.
Prof. Bator Vamos Toth has identified hundreds of place names that link the Sudan and Central Asia. For example, the places names Orissa and Karnak are found in Egypt and in Central Asia. The temples at Karnak in Egypt and at Karnak in Orissa, India, are Sun temples associated with the cult of Horus, who the Horite ruler-priests regarded as the "son of God", miraculously begotten according to an ancient promise. This Kushite migration has been confirmed also by DNA studies.
Clyde A. Winters has shown that the "Elamites, Dravidians, Sumerians and Manding are all of Proto-Saharan origin. They were called the Kushites, Nubians, Afro-Asiaitcs, etc. Testimony of the great heritage of these dispersed peoples results from their boldness in trade and seafaring expeditions.
There appears to be a relationship between the words gir or gar and ghar or khar. Bulghar was spoken by the Asiatic Ghars (Khars) from which the
The word ghar means house, as in royal palace or royal city and is a cognate to word khar. In ancient Egyptian, khar refers to a measure of fuel used to offer sacrifice in the temple. The temple was in the precinct of the royal palace, often located near the Nile. Among the Guruntum-Gar, a West Chadic people, khar appears as har in last names. An example is Andrew Haruna. Haruna is a variant spelling of Aaron, suggesting a connection between the Hebrew priesthood and their Nilotic ruler-priest ancestors.
The Kushites also spread along the Shari and the Benue rivers, establishing kingdoms as far as Lagos in Nigeria and into the southern Kordafan. This explains the linguistic connections between Yoruba and Akkadian. Kushite rulers and traders moved out of Africa to Northern Japan and the Philippines.
The Kushites also spread along the Shari and the Benue rivers, establishing kingdoms as far as Lagos in Nigeria and into the southern Kordafan. This explains the linguistic connections between Yoruba and Akkadian. Kushite rulers and traders moved out of Africa to Northern Japan and the Philippines.
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