The Aleph as Ox Head

What follows is an interesting email communication in which a reader of Just Genesis shares his thoughts. He also stresses the need for further research on the connection between ancient Hebrew and the symbolism of the ancient Nilo-Saharans.


Hello, Alice

I looked at your blog on the ox figures and I want to state that I can only give you my own opinion, for there are still holes that need to be filled in my research concerning this. One thing I do know is the aleph is an ox head. It is the beginning letter.

It means first, strength, ox..... How important this symbol was to the ancient people I have not uncovered. I see a lot of kemet symbols using the ox and I know the ancient Ebry teachings and people came from Africa, so there is definitely a connection.

You mentioned the Apiru people in your article. I want to state that hebrew is a word but you will not find it in scriptures because Ebry refers to specific statements the name Eber holds. Hebrew has another meaning. I am working on a pdf that will explain it. I am going through tribal languages showing commonality the root letters have between Africa and Ebry. The definitions the name Eber has reflects in the tribal language and more. It is new revelation to us average people, but it has always been present. It need to be investigated further.


Origin

In my opinion it all started around the Sudan area. Many tribes came together and formed a government. This is true for kemet as well as Yshral who assembled later before going out. Yshral formed probably behind political and social status ills affecting them in their day. They were the ancient equivalent to the U.S pilgrims. They were likely the outcaste, slaves and common people who were overly oppressed by the government. A lot, if uncovered, will have to do with religious stand points.


Letter symbols

The Y is that of the forearm. The taw as I use in my name "x" stands for sign or mark.

Here is something to think about. Tahuti was a scribe or writer creating signs. Even the "t" in ebry alphabet is similar. Which brings up the subject of pronunciation. "T" may actually suppose to be "Th" as the ancient pronunciation of tahuti (dhwty). The "t" and "d" are interchangable.


Semites

Note: there is no such thing as a semitic ethnic group. What people base the notion off of is an assumption which I can prove to be an error by going through the African languages showing what the word really represents. Sem is the noble, honorary people having a good name or character. They are revered as elders.

It all goes back to understanding the Architypes Shem, Cham and Yphet concept and their role in the system.

There is so much that needs to be explored concerning the Ebry culture as a whole.

If I find any more info about the aleph I will pass it along to you.

Best regards

Tauemyah



Tauemyah,

This is fascinating! I agree that the point of origin appears to be Sudan at a time when the Sahara was wet and the Nile much wider.

It is clear to me also that we have much more research to do to get below the surface of the linguistic connections between the Nilo-Saharan ancestors of Abraham and his people.

The A or ox head symbol would also represent the Creator who is given first place, or assigned the value of one, among the ancient Nilo-Saharans. This is reflected in Shema Yisrael: "Hear, O Israel: the LORD is our God, the LORD is one."

The Y represents the Creator's appointed or overshadowed ruler/chief. So we have these rulers: Yishmael, Yitzak, Yacob, Yisrael, Yaqtan, Yosef, Yeshua, etc. You note the connection to the X (Tau). This connection (interchange) is evident in the Old North Arabian scripts. Thamudic is one example. Here is an excellent paper on this subject: http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3937.pdf

Approximately 11000 Thalmudic inscriptions have been found scattered from Syria to Yemen. Similar inscriptions have been identified along the Nile in Sudan. These are accompanied by petroglyphs of humans and oxen with circles and spirals. Ox and cattle skulls were placed at the pan graves of the Nilo-Saharans.The cemetery near Hosh el-Guruf included 90 closely packed stone circles. The covered shafts were circular and lined with stones, a typical feature of the pan graves of Nilo-Saharan nobility. Pan Grave cemeteries have been found at a number of sites in Sudan, Egypt and Ethiopia. Excavations at Kerma have uncovered a walled town surrounding a monumental mud-brick temple. In a royal cemetery to the east, four massive grave tumuli contained several hundred human remains. The remains were surrounded by thousands of cattle skulls.

Thanks for sharing your thoughts with me. The research you are doing is very important. If I can help in any way, please let me know.

Best wishes,

Alice C. Linsley


Related reading: Why cows were sacred in the ancient world; Nilotic cattle herders; The bull's head in antiquity; Reality is cross shaped; Recovering the African background of Genesis; Old North Arabian Scripts

The God of Shem is the God of Ham

Alice C. Linsley

Shem is an honorific title, not a name. Jews call God HaShem (השם) which means "the Name"as in Leviticus 24:11. Some interpret this to mean the God of Shem, implying that the God of Shem is a different God than the God of his brother Ham. Presumably, this assumption is based on this verse: "He also said, "Blessed be the LORD, the God of Shem! May Canaan be the slave of Shem." (Gen. 9:26)

The lines of Ham and Shem intermarried. Further evidence is found with the names Lud and Ludim (Ludites). In Genesis 10, Lud is named as a son of Shem and in Genesis 10:13, the Ludim are said to be of Ham.

Bible passages that speak about “the Canaanites” reflect authors who lived well after the time of the Patriarchs. In Genesis 10 the peoples who descend from Noah through his grandsons Sidon and Het (Heth) are said to be the original inhabitants. The Canaanites were blood-related Afro-Arabian peoples whose ancestry can be traced back to the Nile Valley and to ancient Kush. Israelites married Canaanites. Rahab’s marriage to Salmon, of the tribe of Judah, is but one example.  Analysis of the marriage and ascendancy pattern of Abraham's Horite caste makes it clear that the descendants of Ham intermarried with the descendants of Shem, and Jesus Christ is a descendant of both lines.

As far as the evidence goes, Shem and Ham had the same God and their ruler-priest lines intermarried, as shown in the diagram.  The daughter of Sheba the Elder married Joktan (Yaqtan) and named their first born son Sheba after her father, according to the cousin bride's naming prerogative.

The association of Shem, the Father of Eber, with the Hebrews does not mean that Ha-Shem is the God of the Hebrew people alone. This view rests on an flawed etymological assumption.  Shem is considered “the father" of all the Hebrew people, assuming that the word Hebrew comes from Eber. However, it is more likely that it comes from the word Habiru (Hapiru). The Horite ruler-priests were Habiru.  HBR is the root of the words Habiru and Hebrew.

Eber was the father of two firstborn sons by his two wives. His sons were Joktan (Yaqtan) and Peleg. Joktan was the son of his cousin wife and the heir to the throne of Eber's father-in-law in Southern Arabia. Joktan was the founder of the Joktanite clans of Arabia. Abraham's firstborn son was named Joktan after this famous ancestor.

Peleg, in whose time the "earth" was divided, was the heir to Eber's throne in Northern Arabia and probably ruled part of Mesopotamia. He was the son of Eber's half-sister wife. This aligns with the marriage and ascendancy structure of Abraham's Kushite ancestors.

Eber's sons became the founding patriarchs of two linguistically distinct Afro-Asiatic groups: the Afro-Arabians and the Afro-Asians. Apparently, the Kushites became divided linguistically after the time of Eber's death around 2303 B.C.

Other honorific titles

Shem is one of many honorific titles found in the Genesis King Lists.  Others include Cain, Enoch, and Lamech.

The words king and Khan are related to the word Kain (Cain). The related word for queen is Kandake (rendered "Candace" in English Bibles). The Bible tells us many details about Cain, all of them pointing to his rank as a ruler. When he was born his mother declared kan-itti. E.A. Speiser noted that Qany(ty) or Qan itti shows close affinity to the Akkadian itti, as in itti šarrim, which means "with the king". Akkadian was the language of the empire during Nimrod's time (BC 2290-2215). Genesis 10 tells us that Nimrod was a Kushite, so it is not surprising to find that Akkadian shares many words with Nilotic languages. Among the Oromo of Ethiopia and Somalia, itti is attached to names. Examples include Kaartuumitti, Finfinneetti and Dimashqitti. That itti is associated with Nilotic rulers is evident in the name Nefertitti.

Enoch is also a royal title. It is related to the word Anochi which means "heir to the throne" or "one who ascends."

Lamech is a variant of the Egyptian la-melech, which has been found on hundreds of seals. La-melech means "of the King." The la-melech seal typically had the image of a scarab or a sun disc, the emblem of the Creator. The sun disc was used as a royal seal by the Kings of Judah who were direct descendants of Cain and Seth whose lines intermarried.

Related reading: Made in the Image of the King; Who was Eber?; Some Jews and Some Arabs Have Common Horite Ancestry; YEC Dogma is NOT Biblical

Who was Eber?

Alice C. Linsley


A great deal of speculation surrounds the biblical figure of Eber (Heber in the Septuagint). It is generally assumed that the word Hebrew is derived from his name. In 93 AD, Josephus wrote that the Hebrews were called after Eber (Antiquities of the Jews I, 6:4). However, this view of Eber as the eponymous ancestor of the Hebrews is problematic since the Genesis genealogical material makes it clear that Eber is a descendant of both Ham and Shem and the father of both Afro-Arabians and Afro-Asians.

It is much more likely that the word Hebrew is derived from Habiru or äapiru, referring to a caste of ruler-priests who dominated the Afro-Asiatic Dominion. The Habiru served at the Sun Temples (O-piru) which they constructed from the Nile to Cambodia. Abraham's ancestors were Habiru. The word Hebrew (hbr) comes from the word Habiru (hbr), not from Eber.

Hapiru (Akkadian) and Habiru (Kushitic) are related to the Arabic yakburu, meaning “he is getting big” and with the intensive active prefix: yukabbiru means "he is enlarging." This is a reference to the morning ritual of the Horite priests who greeted the rising sun and watched as it expanded across the horizon.

The Egyptians called the temple attendants ˁpr.w, the w being the plural suffix. The Horite east-facing temple was termed O-piru, meaning Sun House.


Who was Eber?

Eber was the father of two first born sons by his two wives. Joktan was the son of his cousin wife and the heir to the throne of Eber's father-in-law in Southern Arabia. Joktan was the founder of the Joktanite clans of Arabia and Abraham's firstborn son was named Joktan after this famous ancestor.

Peleg, in whose time the "earth" was divided, was the heir to Eber's throne in Northern Arabia and probably ruled part of Mesopotamia. He was the son of Eber's half-sister wife. This aligns with the marriage and ascendancy structure of Abraham's Kushite ancestors.

Eber's sons became the founding patriarchs of two linguistically distinct Afro-Asiatic groups: the Afro-Arabians and the Afro-Asians. Apparently, the Kushites became divided linguistically after the time of Eber's death around 2303 BC.

According to the Hebrew Bible, Eber died at the age of 464 (Gen. 11:14-17). In the Septuagint, Heber is said to have lived to an age of 404 years. The Hebrew Calendar places Eber's death at 1817 BC, which is unlikely since Abraham lived about 2100 BC.

Genesis 10:21 lists Shem as Eber's ancestor, but Eber is also a descendant of Kush as the royal descendants of Ham and Shem intermarried. That Eber was a great ruler is attested in the pre-canonical Girgam (Diwan) where his name appears as Abir ;and he is designated Amir, ;the Arabic word for commander or ruler.

As the Kushite ruling lines intermarried exclusively, Eber was a descendant of both Ham and Shem.

The Genesis genealogical material indicates that Eber married the daughter of Joktan the Elder. She was his cousin bride and named their firstborn son Joktan, after her father, according to the cousin bride's naming prerogative. Joktan is Yaqtan in Arabic.

Related reading: The Habiru Were Devotees of Horus; Frank Moore Cross: Israel's God is the God of the Horites; Abraham's Kushite Ancestors; Peleg: Time of Division

Nimrod was a Nilo-Saharan Ruler

Alice C. Linsley

The term "Kushite" is a general term for people who lived in the region of Kush at a time when the Nile was much wider. This included many peoples. Among the Kushites were the Ainu, red and black Nubians, Horites, the Ar or Aro, and the Beja.

The Kushites were the first to unite the Upper and Lower Nile and their influence is seen on the earliest dynasties of Egypt.

The point of origin of Kush is likely the Sudan and the region of Lake Chad and must date to at least 2200 B.C. Kush is listed as one of Noah's grandsons and Noah lived about 2490-2415 B.C. Kush was the father of Nimrod, another great kingdom builder of the ancient world. Wherever the Kushite rulers went they took their royal priests and scribes. The Kushite religious life diffused through the agency of these ruler-priests. They built their shrines and temples along the major water systems and were instrumental in collecting taxes for commerce along the waters they controlled.

Before the Kushites were the Nilo-Saharans and among them was a hunter-gatherer king called Nimrod. Luo scholar Wander Salmon has connected his name to the name of a Luo price who is the ancestor of the Luos in Tanzania. His name was Kadhirondi, which means go and gather, fetch, collect, or hunt in Luo. Rondi and rod are cognates. So, in the Nilotic context, Nimrod's name fits his Biblical description as a great gatherer or hunter for the Lord.

Anthropologically speaking, we might describe Nimrod as a great hunter-gatherer chief who left his home and established a territory in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley. He is "En-Meru" in Sumerian, the chief hunter, or the lord/master/leader (En) of hunters. In Akkadian, the chief or ruler is called sar. Compare this to the Hebrew word that appears in the Targum nah shirkan = hunter, and note the similarity to the Hausa word sarkin maharba = lead hunter.

He would have been served by warriors and priests. Some of these priests were Hapiru or Habiru (Hebrew). The designation is a reference to the Sun. The Arabic yakburu means “he is getting big” and with the intensive active prefix: yukabbiru means "he is enlarging."  This refers to the morning ritual of Horite priests who greeted the rising sun with prayers and watched as it expanded across the horizon.

The oldest known center of Horite worship is Nekhen (Hierakonpolis) in Sudan. Votive offerings at the Nekhen temple were ten times larger than the normal mace heads and bowls found elsewhere, suggesting that this was a very prestigious shrine. Horite priests placed invocations to Horus at the summit of the fortress as the sun rose. This is the origin of the morning ritual whereby the sun is blessed daily in every devout Hindu home and the Jewish Sun Blessing ritual (Birkat Hachama) that is performed every 28 years.

The Egyptians called the temple priestly attendants ‘pr.w, the w being the plural suffix. This has been rendered *wap'er by the Afro-Asiatic language expert Christopher Ehret. The *wap'er had significant political authority alongside the ruler. They presided over the rituals directed toward the High God Ra and acted as intercessors between Ra and the community.


The Dravidian temples

The Dravidian east-facing temple was termed O-piru, meaning “Sun House” or “House of the Sun.” Sar-gon I (Nimrod) is said to have been the son of a virgin queen who was overshadowed by the High God. He was born in an O-piru. His home city was called Azu-piranu, meaning House of God (Azu in Akkadian, Asa in Chadic, Asha in Kushitic, Ashai in Hebrew; a Jerusalem priest was named Am-ashai in Neh. 11:13).

Many Dravidian shrines and monuments are now submerged under the sea, but originally they were on land that bridged the Arabian Peninsula and southern Pakistan and southwestern India. These settlements are sometimes referred to as the "Har-appa" civilization. Har refers to Horus and "appa" is the Dravidian word meaning father. The origin of Dravidian religion was apparently Egypt and ancient Kush from which the Horites came. Har-appa means Horus is father, just as today a Jew might refer to his father as "horeh" and to his ancestors as "horim" (Horites).

In the ancient world, a temple was considered the mansion (hâît) or the house (pirû) of the deity. The Creator Re is associated with the temple in Heliopolis (City of the Sun) on the east side of the Delta. Hat-Hor, the virgin mother of Horus, had her principal temples in Dendera and Memphis to the south of Heliopolis and on the west side of the Nile. The principal temples of Horus were further south in Nekhen and Edfu, and on the west side of the Upper Nile. Doubtless, the position of these temples relative to one another is significant and entails research beyond the scope of this essay.

Re, Hathor and Horus represent the Egyptian Triad, in which Horus and his father were said to be “one.” Christians will recognize that Jesus makes this same claim concerning Himself in John’s Gospel, “I and the Father are one” (John 10:30). He says this in the context of a shepherd-priest. Horite priests kept flocks and sacrificed animals from these flocks. This is why their shrines were always located near sources of water such a river, a well or an oasis.

Against those who claim that Abraham's Horite ancestors were polytheists, we note that among the many divine powers (baals) of the Egyptians only Horus and Hathor are ever shown in human form, and usually together, as the Virgin Mary and the Christ Child are shown together in Christian iconography. Re’s presence is symbolized by the Sun, but he is never shown in human form.

Kushite rulers, like Egyptian rulers, did not name their biological fathers in their king lists. This is because they believed that the ruler-priest was the son of Re whose emblem was the sun. The Pharaoh was called "son of Re" which is why Egyptian texts never mention an earthly father of the king. Kingship was rather a manifestation of the solar deity's overshadowing of noble women. Sargon the Great (Biblical Nimrod) claimed not to know his father.  He based his authority to rule on the suggestion that he was conceived according to the Kushite myth of miraculous virgin conception.

Nimrod, one of Abraham's ancestors, was a great kingdom builder. He was ethnically Kushite but was probably sent away from his older brother Ramah whose territory was in northern Arabia. This explains why he regarded his mother as "lowly." She would have been a woman of less wealth and status than the wife of Ramah, Kush's the firstborn son. After numerous conquests, Nimrod’s territory was far greater than his brother’s. It extended the length of the Tigris-Euphrates Valley and within this territory there were three principal cities: Babel, Erech and Accad in the plain of Shinar (Gen. 10:10). The script used to communicate across Nimrod’s empire is called “Akkadian.”

The conquest of the Sumerian city states by Kushites rulers is well-documented. Sargon the Great lived from about 2290 to 2215 BC, which is when his son Rimush (Ramesh) by his sister-wife ascended the throne. Alternative dates for Sargon the Great are 2360-2279, but these dates likely refer to his maternal grandfather after whom he was named. It was Sargon the Elder, not Sargon the Great, who conquered Nippur in 2340 B.C. and established his capital in Akkad.

I do not believe that Sargon of Akkad and Nimrod are the same person. Nimrod lived well before the time of Sargon the Great. He was the son of Cush, Noah's great grandson (Gen. 10). Sargon lived closer to the time of Abraham. 

The title Sar-gon is comprised of two words meaning king. The name is really a title that probably should be translated "king of kings". Nimrod's Akkadian name was Šarru-kīnu, which is usually translated “true king”. Akkad was one of the settlements established by Nimrod (Gen. 10). Nimrod was a Kushite. Sargon's ethnicity is Babylonian. Similarities between the two kingdom builders are due to the fact that rulers of the Ancient Near East had much in common. For example, they were viewed as having authority from the High God to govern the people, to collect tribute, to enforce sacred law codes, and to expand their territories.

The Igbo researcher, Dr. Catherine Acholonu, reports that in Nigerian lore Nimrod is known as Sharru-Kin which is interpreted to mean “the righteous King.” The Akkadian title Šarru-kīnu was also used by Sargon of Akkad.

A seventh century Assyrian text says that Sargon's birthplace was a city on the banks of the Euphrates called Azu-piranu. It was a Horite shrine as evidenced by the word piranu. The Habiru devotees of Horus called a temple O-piru, meaning "House of the Sun." Azu is the East African name for God - Asa. So Azu-piranu means “House of God” and is equivalent to the Hebrew word Beth-el.

Nimrod's birthplace was in the Nile Valley.


Related reading:  Hittite Religion; The Afro-Asiatic Metalworkers; The Tower of Babel, Kushite Kingdom Building, Calculating the Dates of the Patriarchs; The Hapiru Were Devotees of Horus; The Legend of Sargon; The Afro-Asiatic Dominion